Economic Payback Time of Battery Pack Replacement for Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This article investigates the economic viability of replacing high-voltage battery pack a power-split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and plug-in (PHEV) by estimating impact aging on fuel economy, drivability capability, range. The HEV is modeled first, an optimal energy management strategy based dynamic programming then implemented, experimental characterization data for cell presented. batteries are tested to heavily aged state, with up 84% loss capacity. payback period estimated assessing operative costs in terms electricity as obtained through numerical simulations function aging. Replacing at conventional end-of-life limit 80% residual capacity suggested not be convenient from standpoint both PHEV. On other hand, acceptable periods (i.e., 2–5 years) can achieved when being replaced 20% 40% proposed methodology implemented advise or PHEV user regarding benefit due excessive